Maternal filicide, child murder by the mother, may occur either alone or as part of a joint filicide–suicide. This study considered differences among 3 groups of mothers who committed filicide: those who did so without a concomitant suicide attempt, those who made a nonfatal suicide attempt, and those who completed suicide. Traditional predictors of completed suicide did not distinguish mothers who completed or attempted suicide from those who did not. Mothers who completed suicide following filicide often had altruistic motives and more frequently utilized firearms.